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Report: Sustainability in Audi AG

Self-awareness and Careers Task 7 Environmental Sustainability in Audi AG By 1213666 To: Romas Malevicius 22. 11. 2012 Table of substance List of Figures Summary Introduction 1 Audi AG Sustainability Procedures 1. 1 Technologies 1. 2 Waste and water the executives 2. Maintainability as a piece of Audi’s CSR 2. 1 Audi Environmental Foundation 2. 2 Environmental Pact for Bavaria and EMAS 2. 4 Recognition 3. Analysis 3. 1 General analysis towards the car business 3. 2 â€Å"Greenwashing† Conclusions Bibliography List of figures * Figure 1. 3 p. 7 From: http://wip. audi. no/photoalbum/see/? ize=org&id=15902&type=1 (Accessed 21. 11. 2012) Summary This report covers Audi AG’s current operational and key methodology for natural supportability. It sees manageability as a feature of the company’s Corporate Social Responsibility and perspectives basic investigation of the car business to empower making adjusted ends. Presentation A report by the United Natio ns entitled Our Common Future (1987) characterized maintainable improvement as ‘development, which addresses the issues of the present without trading off the capacity of people in the future to address their own issues. Also, alleged ‘intergenerational equity’ has stayed a subject in characterizing ecological manageability. Basically it implies looking for the minimization of any unfavorable (long haul) impacts on people in the future. The point of this report is to research the realizations of the previously mentioned standards in the corporate activities of Audi AG. Audi AG is an engine vehicle maker, which involves the brands Audi, Ducati and Lamborghini. It is a global organization (MNE) that utilizes somewhere in the range of 46,000 individuals and has a yearly yield of more than 1,3 million units.Audi AG is a piece of Volkswagen Group, headquartered from Ingolstadt, Germany. 1. Audi AG Sustainability Procedures 1. 1 Technologies Audi concedes that a vehicle producer can never profess to positively affect nature. They are, in any case, putting billions of pounds in dependable advancements. These incorporate lightweight space outlines, diesel motors and Start-Stop advances. The motivation behind these is to decrease fuel utilization and henceforth cut CO2 emanations. 1. 2 Waste and water the board Audi’s trademark ‘Advancement Through Technology’ basically plots the company’s standard of consistent innovation.The brand esteems likewise express that corporate exercises are â€Å"shaped by the longing to safeguard assets and adopt a capable strategy to the environment†. They have embraced various activities to present these standards. For example, mechanical production system squander is isolated and arranged nearby and bundling is improved in the arranging stage, which lessen transport needs considerably. Audi utilizes different wellsprings of vitality, for example, a nearby waste handling plant and the Combined Heat, Cooling and Power creation office (CHCP) in the Ingolstadt factory.Together they spare the organization 37,000 tons of CO2 every year. For vehicle creation the organization gathers water. They likewise feed 96. 3 percent of absolute water into a shut circle framework, so just an extremely limited quantity of water is lost. Additionally, Audi supports reusing vehicle parts and batteries. Accordingly their creation yield has significantly expanded over the most recent two decades yet generally speaking vitality use has remained basically the equivalent. Figure 1. 3. Figure 1. 3 shows the abatement in squander water volume per vehicle in Audi’d fundamental creation plants in Germany between the years 1990 and 1999.The complete lessening is 4,5m3/vehicle in Neckarsulm and correspondingly 2,3m3/vehicle in Ingolstadt. 2. Manageability as a piece of Audi’s CSR 2. 1 Audi Environmental Foundation Audi’s pledge to nature and society is an indispensable piec e of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The most convincing evindence is the Audi Environmental Foundation Ltd. , which makes willful move in natural, social and financial issues by leading and subsidizing research ventures. 2. 2 Environmental Pact for Bavaria and EMASAudi was an organizer individual from the Environmental Pact for Bavaria, which currently incorporates around 1,350 organizations. The Pact was framed in 1995 as a deliberate understanding between the Bavarian business and government to help out nature. The Pact incorporates Audi’s European plants taking an interest in the EC Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). The motivation behind this is to present an ecological administration framework, which improves operational natural insurance on location. 2. 4 RecognitionBased on the previously mentioned strategies it tends to be expressed that as a vehicle producer Audi is progressed in advancing maintainability. Audi has likewise gotten acknowledgment fo r this, for example, the 2012 Logistics Sustainability Prize. Audi works steadily to improve its picture as a â€Å"green† organization. Audi of America President Johan de Nysschen’s talked at the company’s 100th Anniversary festivity in 2009 (Audi MediaServices, 2009): â€Å"We and our purchasers (likewise) need to drive at something better †a progressively manageable future.  The organization likewise distributed a business for the 2010 Super Bowl entitled â€Å"Green Police† where they track down Americans who stick to carbon-threatening practices. This was viewed as a difference in showcasing technique and it got blended audits. 3. Analysis 3. 1 General analysis towards the car business The appearance of thousands of engine vehicles in huge urban areas has given the contamination issue totally new measurements. Research shows that vehicle fumes contributes half of the (climatic) toxins in huge urban communities and adds to the â€Å"Greenhous e effect† raising the Earth’s temperature.Among different producers, Audi has thus done advancements of elective force sources, for example, electric and inner ignition motors, which gives them a serious edge. 3. 2 â€Å"Greenwashing† Greenwashingâ is a type of purposeful publicity in Public Relations (PR) where green promoting is misleadingly used to make a hallucination of an association's points and arrangements being earth well disposed. In the wake of distributing their 2010 Super Bowl business â€Å"Green Police† Audi was blamed for greenwashing. Making what is seen as a really earth cordial technique in the entirety of their utilitarian regions is one of their biggest current challenges.A quote from Jamey Boiter's Brand Innovatr blog (Fast Company, 2010): â€Å"†¦Audi are advancing ††They should focus on this advancement in everything about their brands, from item improvement to interchanges to industry contribution, to demonstrat e they are not greenwashing. † One of Audi’s qualities is that they have been engaged with mindful ventures for a considerable length of time, going back to up to 1960. That being stated, their most critical rivals, for example, BMW and Mercedes Benz are progressively beginning to grasp feasible systems, which shapes a potential danger to Audi.Conclusions The car business is as yet seen as perhaps the biggest specialist of unfriendly impacts to the earth. Because of purchasers getting increasingly refined and taught on ecological maintainability, the opposition in the business gets progressively extraordinary. It very well may be prescribed for Audi to move their showcasing system significantly more towards manageability and practice item separation to this course at whatever point conceivable. Audi should take a stab at shaking off the â€Å"greenwashing† claims and seeming to be a really capable corporation.Taking bit of leeway of the decades’ worth of e xperience and information that they have accumulated could do this and conceivably gain them a head start from their rivals. Word check: 1000 Bibliography Abuelsamid, S. 2009. Autobloggreen: Audi to add sun oriented capacity to Ingolstadt factory,(online) Available at: http://green. autoblog. com/2009/12/16/audi-to-add-sun powered capacity to-ingolstadt-central station processing plant/(Accessed 21. 11. 2012) Audi AG, 2012. Audi Environmental Foundation Ltd. , (on the web) Available at: http://www. audi-umweltstiftung. de/auws/brand/de. html (Accessed 22. 11. 2012)Audi AG, 2012. Experience: The Audi Sustainability Magazine, (on the web) Available at: http://www. audi-diaries. de/eJournals/mz3/2. 0. 7/index_dialoge_en_2010. html#/0 (Accessed 22. 11. 2012) Audi AG, 2000. Break Review: Environment Report of AUDI AG, (on the web) Available at: http://wip. audi. no/photoalbum/see/? size=org&id=15902&type=1 (Accessed 22. 11. 2012) Audi AG, 2012. Vorsprung Durch Technik: Environmen tal Protection at Audi, (on the web) Available at: http://www. audi. com/com/brand/en/organization/environmental_protection/items/reusing. html#source=http://www. audi. om/com/brand/en/organization/environmental_protection/environmental_protection_at_audi. html&container=page (Accessed 22. 11. 2012) Audi MediaServices, 2012. Public statement: Audi granted the 2012 Logistics Sustainability Prize, (on the web) Available at: https://www. audi-mediaservices. com/distribute/ms/content/en/open/pressemitteilungen/2012/03/16/audi_awarded_the_2012. html (Accessed 21. 11. 2012)â Audi United Kingdom, 2012. : Environment, (on the web) Available at: http://www. audi. co. uk/about-audi/condition. html (Accessed 22. 11. 2012) Audi United Kingdom, 2012. Audi ‘green’ issues and manageability, (on the web) Available at: http://www. udi. co. uk/content/dam/audi/creation/PDF/Fleet/FleetSalesPDF231209/Audi_Green_issues_and_Sustainability_Jan2010. pdf (Accessed 21. 11. 2012) Boiter, J. 2010. Quick Company: Can Brands Launch Sustainable Campaigns Without Being Accused of Greenwashing? , (on the web) Available at: http://www. fastcompany. com/1563389/can-brands-dispatch reasonable battles without-being-denounced greenwashing (Accessed 21. 11. 2012) Britannica Encyclopedia, 2012. Car Industry, (on the web) Available

Stanley Milgram Biography His Influence on Psychology

Stanley Milgram Biography His Influence on Psychology History and Biographies Print Stanley Milgram Psychologist Biography By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 22, 2019 Isabelle Adam/Flickr/CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Stanley Milgram was a social psychologist best-remembered for his now infamous obedience experiments.?? His research demonstrated how far people are willing to go to obey authority. His experiments are also remembered for their ethical issues, which contributed to changes in how experiments can be performed today. Learn more about his life, legacy, and influence on psychology in this brief biography. Best Known For The Milgram Obedience Experiment??Familiar Stranger??The Small World Experiment?? Early Life Stanley Milgram was born on August 15, 1933, to a family of Jewish immigrants in New York City. Milgram attended James Monroe High School, where he quickly earned a reputation as a hard worker and a strong leader and completed high school in just three years. One of his classmates was future social psychologist Philip Zimbardo. He earned his Bachelors in Political Science from Queens College in 1954. At this point, his interests shifted to psychology, but he was initially rejected from Harvard Universitys graduate program in Social Relations since he had never taken a single psychology course during his undergraduate years. He was eventually able to gain admission and went on to earn his Ph.D. in Social Psychology in 1960 under the direction of psychologist Gordon Allport.?? Career and Famous Obedience Experiments During his graduate studies, Milgram had spent a year working as a research assistant to Solomon Asch who was interested in conformity in social groups.?? Aschs famous conformity experiment involved having participants judge the length of a line. Milgram was inspired by the study  and went on to perform a similar experiment that would make him famous. He began working at Yale in 1960 and started conducting his obedience experiments in 1961. In these experiments, participants were ordered by an authority figure to deliver increasingly strong electrical shocks to another person. In reality, the other person was a confederate in the experiment and was simply pretending to be shocked.?? Surprisingly, 65 percent of the participants were willing to deliver the maximum voltage shocks under orders from the experimenter.?? In 1963, Milgram returned to teach at Harvard for a few years  but was not offered tenure largely due to the controversy swirling around him thanks to his infamous obedience experiments. City University of New York (CUNY) asked him to head up their newly formed social psychology program and in 1974 he published his book Obedience to Authority.?? Milgram remained at CUNY until his death on December 20,  1984, from a heart attack. Contributions to Psychology The 19 different experiments that Milgram conducted on obedience demonstrated that people were willing to obey an authority figure even if the actions went against their morals. The experiments are well-known today, mentioned in virtually every introductory psychology textbook. While Milgram himself was known for his concern for the well-being of his participants, his work was often harshly criticized for the possible negative emotional impact it had on subjects.?? Part of the reason why the American Psychological Association established standards for working with human subjects and why Institutional Review Boards exist today is because of Milgrams work. In his 2004 biography, author Thomas Blass noted that social psychology is often dismissed as something that simply proves so-called common sense.?? Through his surprising results, Milgram was able to demonstrate that the things we think we know about ourselves and our behavior in social groups may not necessarily be true. In essence, Milgram was able to shine a light on a subtopic of psychology that some may view as unimportant, but that in reality reveals important truths about human behavior. A substantial proportion of people do what they are told to do, irrespective of the content of the act, and without pangs of conscience, so long as they perceive that the command comes from a legitimate authority, Milgram explained of his work.?? A Word From Verywell Milgrams research on obedience shocked people back during the 1960s, but his findings are just as relevant and stunning to this day. While recent findings have suggested that there may have been problems with his experimental procedures, replications of his work have found that people are surprisingly willing to obey authority figures - even when they know the orders they are following are wrong.

A Multicultural Education - 956 Words

The statics in the Kim article were staggering. Being in education for 17 years I have personally seen the change in the student demographics. However Kim summarizes the truth that the demography of the educators has not changed. The introduction focuses on the state of crisis in education involving the achievement gap. This study is focused not just on ethnicity, but also socioeconomic status. From this study the cause to look at multicultural education is very evident. The main area of the paper will explore the varied approaches to dealing with multiculturalism and the critiques of all the misconceptions and the impact of whiteness. Kim relays the four phases of multicultural education: incorporating ethnic studies into school curricula, total school reform for educational equality, inclusion of other minority groups by incorporating their history and culture into the curriculum, and analyzing the differences of race, class and gender. In order to move forward with the implementation of multicultural education, educators most be made more aware of integrating content, building a diverse knowledge base which is delivered equitably in the classroom, and making the culture part of the every day educational routine. According to Kim, in order to feel successful with the implementation, there are several approaches which schools can take. The contribution approach is simply identifying with the icons and holidays of the culture. The additive approach is embeddingShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Education And Multicultural Schools1210 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction There have been multiple definitions for Multicu ltural definition which has become so imperative. Multicultural education alludes to any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds (Bank).America is considered to be a â€Å"melting pot† because of the many people who have immigrated in search of a better life. Immigrants have brought with them their own unique cultures. Different gendersRead MoreMulticultural Education : A Multicultural Classroom960 Words   |  4 PagesAn additional aspect to a perfect education system would be the use of multicultural education in schools. Multicultural education creates a comfortable environment for students of all races and ethnicities to learn in by combining a variety of ideals about teaching. According to Geneva Gay, the creator of multicultural education, one of these ideals is understanding the cultural characteristics and cultural contributions of different ethnic groups, su ch as the values of different ethnic groups,Read MoreMulticultural Education : A Truly Multicultural Mosaic1259 Words   |  6 PagesMulticultural education incorporates the idea that all students- regardless of their gender, social class, and ethnic, racial, or cultural characteristics- should have an equal opportunity to learn in school, (Banks Banks, 2010, p. 3.) For centuries our country, the United States of America, has been known as the â€Å"melting pot† in a sense that our world was moving towards multiculturalism. Some see the old metaphor, the â€Å"melting pot† fading away within the last decade and has grown into a new term(s)Read MoreMulticultural Education And Educational Education770 Words   |  4 Pagesthe definition of multicultural education is defined in sociopolitical context and relates to comprehension of school reform. Namely, the multicultural education works in reforming schools and providing an equal and excellent education for everyone. Likewise, the author gave a definition of multicultural education based on her experience surrounding education environment. She divides multicultural education into seven basic characteristics: antiracist education, basic education, important for allRead MoreIssues in Multicultural Education900 Words   |  4 PagesIssues in Multicultural Education Effective instructors must understand the issues that impact multicultural education in the United States. The significance of providing an eminence instruction in an unbiased approach to all of their students is essential. The tide of demographic changes in the United States has affected most classrooms in our schools. As a result, some classroom teachers realize they must quickly acquire a comprehensive understanding of ethnic, cultural, and social-class diversityRead MoreEssay on Multicultural Education1681 Words   |  7 PagesMulticultural Education History/Past Challenges: One of the major goals of the American school system is to provide all children with equal educational opportunity. However, with regard to minority students, meeting this particular objective has presented a real challenge to educators as they have been confronted with the task of reshaping education in the multilingual, multicultural society that characterizes the United States. Many significant events contributed to the needRead MoreThe Importance Of Multicultural Education901 Words   |  4 Pagescurriculum is critical to achieving a multicultural school setting for students. The implications of my findings for teaching and learning are that educators need to better evaluate their texts and curriculum that they use with their students. In Becoming a Multicultural Educator, author James Banks explains that every student should receive an education of high quality and with that they should attain skills that will help them to flourish in a multicultural world (196). Also on page 196, authorRead MoreThe Problem Of Multicultural Education Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesProblem in Multicultural Education The common topic of the three articles is multicultural education. In the article, â€Å"Faculty perceptions of multicultural teaching in a large urban university,† the authors believe that â€Å"lack of understanding of multicultural teaching is evident in spite of the growing literature on theories of multicultural education and data documenting best practices† (Bigatti, S. M., et. al, 2012, p. 78). The authors of this article defines the meaning of the multicultural teachingRead MoreMulticultural Education And Its Importance1205 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Education and Its Importance in Schools and Society. Multicultural education is a term used to describe a wide variety of programs and practices. Multicultural instruction may be a thought alternately an idea that know understudies ought to have an rise to good fortune to take in over class in any case about their gender, social class, Also racial/cultural qualities. Multicultural training will be likewise a instructive change development. It includes downright one school alternatelyRead MoreMulticultural Education Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural education refers to applying various aspects of different learning styles and techniques to reach children of different racial, cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Because the extent of these variations is so diverse, educationists have begun to integrate material within the classroom to ensure each child is efficiently and equally benefitting scholastically. There are some Americans however, who disagree with multicultural education; these people think that multicultural education

Analysis Of The Poem War - 1504 Words

Ribeiro 6 Manley (leader of the PNP), and Edward Seaga (leader of JLP) to the stage and asked them to shake hands and the two men united in front of their people. In Marley’s interview he says â€Å"at this moment everybody was one† (Marley 1:45:50). His wife Rita Marley said that no matter the circumstance he always had the capability to bring people together through his music. â€Å"His [Marley’s] popularity with people of both PNP and JLP was being increasingly perceived as forming a bridge to a unified nation† (Sheridan 63). In Marley’s 1976 song â€Å"War†, he is addressing the current conflict between the different conflicting political parties in Jamaica and focuses on ways to eliminate any disputes between the different ideologies. This song is†¦show more content†¦He strived to not only bridge gaps between the conflicting political parties of Jamaica but also any conflicting races around the world. He addresses this point through these lyrics reading, â€Å"That until there no longer first class and second class citizens of [any nation]†¦Me say war† (â€Å"War† 1976). By stating any nation, Marley is addressing his message to a universal audience rather than just to the people of Jamaica. Marley believes that as long as social standards are evident within a nation, war will continue. Through his music he aspired to eliminate these social standards and instead attempted to promote equality, but Marley sings as if these social standards will forever remain, à ¢â‚¬Å"the dream of lasting peace, world citizenship, Rule of international morality, Will remain in but a fleeting illusion to be pursued, But never attained.† (â€Å"War† 1976). Marley believes that it will be up to the people to decide whether to pursue this unity, but he also understands the difficulties of bringing so many together as one. Although Marley writes this song directly for the conflicting political parties of Jamaica, __________ 5 Libretto is a term used in musical analysis referring to the text of any vocal work Ribeiro 8 the song is left ambiguous and can be applied to any injustice system of any nation. However, MarleyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Poem War Photographer1435 Words   |  6 PagesWar Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy In his darkroom he is finally alone with spools of suffering set out in ordered rows. The only light is red and softly glows, as though this were a church and he a priest preparing to intone a Mass. Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh. All flesh is grass. He has a job to do. Solutions slop in trays beneath his hands which did not tremble then though seem to now. Rural England. to ordinary pain which simple weather can dispel, to fields which dont explode beneathRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem War Is Hell 1826 Words   |  8 PagesSandra Gonzalez Enix- 7th Hour War Is Hell 29 September 2014 Insert Title Here Hero. According to Webster’s New World Dictionary, a hero is defined as â€Å"any person, male or female, admired for courage, nobility, etc.† (Webster’s New World Dictionary, â€Å"hero 1†). Webster’s Pocket Dictionary, comparably, defines a hero as â€Å"a person of great courage, spirit, etc., especially one who has undergone great danger or difficulty† (Webster’s Pocket Dictionary, â€Å"hero 3†). Heroes are not born heroes. Yes, everyoneRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem War Photographer By Carol Ann Duffy2591 Words   |  11 Pagesexperiences and the issues it raises for the living. Death is rife during global conflicts and some poets use their craft to show the pain and suffering aspects of death. ‘War Photographer’ by Carol Ann Duffy presents people’s death through both literal and figurative lexis. It uses the metaphorical lens of a camera to create an opinion about war and the role of media is report ing it humanely. ‘A Mother in a Refugee Camp’ by Chinua Achebe presents the suffering and torment of death with strong sensory imageryRead More Analysis of Bruce Dawes Anti-War Poem, Homecoming Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesAn anti-war poem inspired by the events of the Vietnam War, Homecoming inspires us to think about the victims of the war: not only the soldiers who suffered but also the mortuary workers tagging the bodies and the families of those who died in the fighting. The author, Australian poet Bruce Dawe, wrote the poem in response to a news article describing how, at Californian Oaklands Air /Base, at one end of the airport families were farewelling their sons as they left for Vietnam and at the other endRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est And The Horrors Of War Poem Analysis1425 Words   |  6 Pagescan actually be taken seriously in light of war poetry. Although the soldiers in World War I did not literally fight with swords, their experiences in combat were beyond appalling, and some might say, beyond describable by words. Poetry, however, is a very powerful form of expression, and when written by someone who has experienced the horrors of war, it can deeply convey the grim reality of war. Utilising personal experiences and pre-war ideology, World War I poets Wilfred Owens and Rupert Brookes’Read MoreCritical Analysis of Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy1660 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Analysis of Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy I. 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Read MoreLeda and the Swan Notes763 Words   |  4 PagesTrojan War was fought over. Analysis on form The poem is a sonnet-it has 14 lines. Each of the lines has 10 beats to it. Yeats plays with a loose rhyme scheme. The general pattern is ABAB CDCD EFGEFG. But some of the rhymes are only slant rhymes, like push and rush, or up and drop. The first nine lines of Leda and the Swan describe the act of rape from Ledas perspective. The last five lines of the poem narrate the consequences of the act, both for humanity (the Trojan War) and forRead MoreAnalysis Of Remember And War Photographer 1226 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish Literature: Analysis of the portrayal of death in, â€Å"Remember† and â€Å"War Photographer†: The two poems I am writing about today, â€Å"Remember† by Christina Rossetti and, â€Å"War Photographer† by Carol Anne Duffy are both poetical works associated with dying and also within â€Å"Remember† the apprehensiveness of the afterlife. â€Å"Remember† is written in first person, the poet is the speaker, and is contemplating various events which will happen after one has died or a loved one. â€Å"War Photographer† is inRead MoreA Comparison between Shakespeares Agincourt Speech and Wilfred Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est1347 Words   |  6 Pagesthe poems context as well as the origin of the actual passage and how it is created by the influence on each writers own experience. Additionally, the analysis will similarly focus on more intimate elements of each poem such as the attitude towards war at the time that they were written and how the author shows there own attitude and beliefs towards war (The Myth of War). Furthermore the essay will conclude by contextualising the language and structure of each poem, by

A Comparison of Federal and Puerto Rican Employment Protections Free Essays

Following the Industrial Revolution of the Nineteenth Century, the federal government of the United States pursued the enactment of various laws to protect the rights of individual laborers. This was primarily spawned at the insistence of labor unions, which were legalized in the same time period. Throughout the following century, a number of revisions and improvements were made upon these laws, to the point where at the present individual workers enjoy the full legal protections of the United States government at their places of employment. We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison of Federal and Puerto Rican Employment Protections or any similar topic only for you Order Now These federal statutes cover all areas from age discrimination to discrimination against those with disabilities. One major statute is based on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, which makes it illegal for an employer to discriminate against a worker on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This applies to not only treatment on the job, but to all aspects of the employment process, including hiring, promotion, discharge, pay, fringe benefits, job training, classification, and referral. Employers are prohibited from showing preference while advertising or recruiting. For example, an employer may not post advertisements for a position that are tailored exclusively to a particular gender, or insinuate during the hiring process that individuals fitting a certain description are more likely to be hired. (Department of Labor.) Falling under the same statute, employers cannot dismiss an employee for any of the above classifications, and cannot pay less on the basis of gender, race, etc. This was a common practice before the creation of such protections, as in many circumstances women were paid much less for working the same jobs that men were being paid much higher to complete. In addition to this, the federal statutes prohibit child labor, which means in most states that workers under the ages of 18 or 16 are subject to certain restrictions in the number of hours a week they may work, and other aspects of working the job including the use of tools and operation of machinery. (Department of Labor.) As well, Title I of the Americans With Disabilities Act prohibits employers of fifteen or more employees to discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities. This law is inapplicable in some circumstances. Obviously, if an individual is disabled in such a way so as to make them wholly unable to perform the duties of a given job, it is not considered discrimination for the employer to refuse to hire them. However, in some cases involving minor mental illness, where individuals are still able to adequately perform the function of a job, which may or may not require less skill, employers are not permitted to discriminate on the basis of the disability, and are subject to being penalized if they are discovered doing so. (Andrade.) The federal government left some areas of employment protection to be decided by the individual states. One example of this is minimum wage. Though there is a fairly low standard of minimum wage established by the federal government, individual states may establish a higher minimum wage. In the case of Puerto Rico, the minimum wage is $5.15 per hour worked, though over the summer of 2006 members of the House of Representatives introduced legislation to raise this minimum wage to $5.40. This minimum wage only applies to employers who are covered by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Employers not covered by the FLSA may pay their workers much lower rates, close to $3.00 per hour. (Department of Labor.) Even so, Puerto Rico is said to have some of the most strictly regulated labor laws within United States jurisdiction. This is due in part to highly successful labor movements within the territory. All federal statutes regarding labor apply to states, and this includes territories such as Puerto Rico. If these regulations are not followed, the Department of Labor will intervene in some manner and enforce the law. At a minimum, Puerto Rican labor laws must comply with the labor laws established by the federal government of the United States. (Andrade.) In some areas, Puerto Rico has gone above and beyond the minimum established standards. As mentioned, the House of Representatives has made an effort to raise the minimum wage. As well, the territory has established the Puerto Rico Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which enforces the Occupational Safety and Health Act of Puerto Rico (OSHA). Among other things, this act guarantees to each employee in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico â€Å"safe and healthful working conditions†. Employers must ensure that each employee has a job and jobsite free of hazards which may cause death or physical injury. (Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; Serrano.) Employers must also obey all occupational safety and health standards, and any rules or regulations that are applicable to the worksite. This includes federal statutes, as well as Puerto Rican laws. This is enforced through the use of inspections, which are conducted on the basis of priority in the following order: imminent danger, fatalities/catastrophes investigations, complaint/referral investigations, programmed inspections, and follow-up inspections to ensure that any necessary modifications have been carried out by the employer. An additional measure established a Boiler and Elevator Inspection Program, the title of which is self-explanatory. In this program, inspectors ascertain the safety of boilers and elevators on jobsites, judging all aspects including manufacture, installment, and safe operation. These measures, while adopted by several other states, are not specifically enforced or provided by the federal government. Contrary to the bad reputation that many labor sites outside of the continental United States have earned, Puerto Rico vigorously follows federal standards of employment protection, and has made initiatives to improve upon the federal model. With a decent minimum wage, laws promoting safe workplaces, and an administration in place that actively inspects employers to ensure the enforcement of these laws, Puerto Rico has been deemed by many to be a safe, profitable place for laborers to work. Works Cited Andrade, N (2006, October 4). Puerto Rico-State-Labor Law Center Blog. Retrieved October 6, 2006, from Labor Law Center Web site: http://blog.laborlawcenter.com/category/state/puerto-rico Author Unknown, (2006). Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Retrieved October 6, 2006, from ToPuertoRico.org Web site: http://www.topuertorico.org/constitu.shtml Author Unknown, Puerto Rico State Information Page. Retrieved October 6, 2006, from U.S. Department of Labor Web site: http://www.osha.gov/oshdir/stateprogs/Puerto_Rico.html Serrano, M, Labor Laws Weigh Heavily on Puerto Rico’s Employers. (2005, August 25). Puerto Rico Herald, http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues2/2005/ vol09n34/ CBLaborLaws.shtml How to cite A Comparison of Federal and Puerto Rican Employment Protections, Papers

A Comparison of Federal and Puerto Rican Employment Protections Free Essays

Following the Industrial Revolution of the Nineteenth Century, the federal government of the United States pursued the enactment of various laws to protect the rights of individual laborers. This was primarily spawned at the insistence of labor unions, which were legalized in the same time period. Throughout the following century, a number of revisions and improvements were made upon these laws, to the point where at the present individual workers enjoy the full legal protections of the United States government at their places of employment. We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison of Federal and Puerto Rican Employment Protections or any similar topic only for you Order Now These federal statutes cover all areas from age discrimination to discrimination against those with disabilities. One major statute is based on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, which makes it illegal for an employer to discriminate against a worker on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This applies to not only treatment on the job, but to all aspects of the employment process, including hiring, promotion, discharge, pay, fringe benefits, job training, classification, and referral. Employers are prohibited from showing preference while advertising or recruiting. For example, an employer may not post advertisements for a position that are tailored exclusively to a particular gender, or insinuate during the hiring process that individuals fitting a certain description are more likely to be hired. (Department of Labor.) Falling under the same statute, employers cannot dismiss an employee for any of the above classifications, and cannot pay less on the basis of gender, race, etc. This was a common practice before the creation of such protections, as in many circumstances women were paid much less for working the same jobs that men were being paid much higher to complete. In addition to this, the federal statutes prohibit child labor, which means in most states that workers under the ages of 18 or 16 are subject to certain restrictions in the number of hours a week they may work, and other aspects of working the job including the use of tools and operation of machinery. (Department of Labor.) As well, Title I of the Americans With Disabilities Act prohibits employers of fifteen or more employees to discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities. This law is inapplicable in some circumstances. Obviously, if an individual is disabled in such a way so as to make them wholly unable to perform the duties of a given job, it is not considered discrimination for the employer to refuse to hire them. However, in some cases involving minor mental illness, where individuals are still able to adequately perform the function of a job, which may or may not require less skill, employers are not permitted to discriminate on the basis of the disability, and are subject to being penalized if they are discovered doing so. (Andrade.) The federal government left some areas of employment protection to be decided by the individual states. One example of this is minimum wage. Though there is a fairly low standard of minimum wage established by the federal government, individual states may establish a higher minimum wage. In the case of Puerto Rico, the minimum wage is $5.15 per hour worked, though over the summer of 2006 members of the House of Representatives introduced legislation to raise this minimum wage to $5.40. This minimum wage only applies to employers who are covered by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Employers not covered by the FLSA may pay their workers much lower rates, close to $3.00 per hour. (Department of Labor.) Even so, Puerto Rico is said to have some of the most strictly regulated labor laws within United States jurisdiction. This is due in part to highly successful labor movements within the territory. All federal statutes regarding labor apply to states, and this includes territories such as Puerto Rico. If these regulations are not followed, the Department of Labor will intervene in some manner and enforce the law. At a minimum, Puerto Rican labor laws must comply with the labor laws established by the federal government of the United States. (Andrade.) In some areas, Puerto Rico has gone above and beyond the minimum established standards. As mentioned, the House of Representatives has made an effort to raise the minimum wage. As well, the territory has established the Puerto Rico Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which enforces the Occupational Safety and Health Act of Puerto Rico (OSHA). Among other things, this act guarantees to each employee in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico â€Å"safe and healthful working conditions†. Employers must ensure that each employee has a job and jobsite free of hazards which may cause death or physical injury. (Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; Serrano.) Employers must also obey all occupational safety and health standards, and any rules or regulations that are applicable to the worksite. This includes federal statutes, as well as Puerto Rican laws. This is enforced through the use of inspections, which are conducted on the basis of priority in the following order: imminent danger, fatalities/catastrophes investigations, complaint/referral investigations, programmed inspections, and follow-up inspections to ensure that any necessary modifications have been carried out by the employer. An additional measure established a Boiler and Elevator Inspection Program, the title of which is self-explanatory. In this program, inspectors ascertain the safety of boilers and elevators on jobsites, judging all aspects including manufacture, installment, and safe operation. These measures, while adopted by several other states, are not specifically enforced or provided by the federal government. Contrary to the bad reputation that many labor sites outside of the continental United States have earned, Puerto Rico vigorously follows federal standards of employment protection, and has made initiatives to improve upon the federal model. With a decent minimum wage, laws promoting safe workplaces, and an administration in place that actively inspects employers to ensure the enforcement of these laws, Puerto Rico has been deemed by many to be a safe, profitable place for laborers to work. Works Cited Andrade, N (2006, October 4). Puerto Rico-State-Labor Law Center Blog. Retrieved October 6, 2006, from Labor Law Center Web site: http://blog.laborlawcenter.com/category/state/puerto-rico Author Unknown, (2006). Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Retrieved October 6, 2006, from ToPuertoRico.org Web site: http://www.topuertorico.org/constitu.shtml Author Unknown, Puerto Rico State Information Page. Retrieved October 6, 2006, from U.S. Department of Labor Web site: http://www.osha.gov/oshdir/stateprogs/Puerto_Rico.html Serrano, M, Labor Laws Weigh Heavily on Puerto Rico’s Employers. (2005, August 25). Puerto Rico Herald, http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues2/2005/ vol09n34/ CBLaborLaws.shtml How to cite A Comparison of Federal and Puerto Rican Employment Protections, Papers